Sunday, March 22, 2009
ROUGH DRAFT.
Since before the begining of civilization, humans have been struggling with violence. A number of crimes take place every minute in the United States. A rising question has erupted concerning crime in the U.S. What kind of people are commiting most of these crimes ? When proportioned with other groups of people, African-American males particularly commit a higher number of ofenses. However, there are of course many people who argue this concept. Some beleive that minorities are most likely to commit crimes. Others disagree, stating that it strictly depends on what type of crimes are being observed. These people beleive that African- Americans and other minorities are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence while white Americans commit worser crimes, such as "while collar" violence.
Sunday, March 15, 2009
OUTLiNE
OUTLINE
I. Introduction
A. Some believe that minorities are most likely to commit crimes. Others disagree, stating that it depends what kind of crimes are being observed. They believe African-Americans and other minorities are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence. However, whites commit more crimes although it is “white collar” violence.
B. Particularly African- American males commit a higher number of offenses when proportioned with other groups.
C. Throughout the 1990’s African- American males between the ages of fourteen and twenty-four made up a growing proportion of homicide offenders.
II. Statistics (African-American)
A. Between 1976 and 2000, 66.3% of drug related homicide- offenders were African- American males.
B.A high proportion of felony murders (deaths that occur during such violent crimes as burglary, sexual assault, or robbery) between those years were committed by African-Americans (59.2 percent).
C. Of homicides in the years spanning 1976 and 2000 that involved an intimate victim/offender relationship, 44.4 percent of the offenders were African-American.
D. During those same years, in homicides where a gun was the weapon of choice, 54.6 percent of the offenders were African-American.
III. Statistics (white)
A. In workplace-related murders between 1976 and 2000, a high proportion of the offenders were white (70.2 percent), while 26.9 percent were African-American.
B. Of gang-related homicides committed between 1976 and 2000, 56.7 percent of the offenders were white.
C. Murders of family members were committed most often by whites (58.3 percent).
D. White offenders accounted for 54.5 percent of arson deaths and 74.3 percent of deaths by poisoning between 1976 and 2000.
E. Between 1976 and 2000, when a white homicide offender killed a stranger, the victim was also white between 40 to 50 percent of the time. When an African-American offender killed a stranger, the victim was also African-American at roughly the same percentage. When homicide offenders kill friends or acquaintances, the victim is even more likely to be of the same race.
IV. Number of inmates in federal prisons or local jails (by race [June 30, 2002])
A. 18-29
White Males = 217,900
Black Males = 357,100
Hispanic Males = 161,000
B 30- 54
White Males = 381,400
Black Males = 438,100
Hispanic Males = 170,900
C. 55 or older
White Male = 27,600
Black Male = 14,400
Hispanic Male = 7,000
I. Introduction
A. Some believe that minorities are most likely to commit crimes. Others disagree, stating that it depends what kind of crimes are being observed. They believe African-Americans and other minorities are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence. However, whites commit more crimes although it is “white collar” violence.
B. Particularly African- American males commit a higher number of offenses when proportioned with other groups.
C. Throughout the 1990’s African- American males between the ages of fourteen and twenty-four made up a growing proportion of homicide offenders.
II. Statistics (African-American)
A. Between 1976 and 2000, 66.3% of drug related homicide- offenders were African- American males.
B.A high proportion of felony murders (deaths that occur during such violent crimes as burglary, sexual assault, or robbery) between those years were committed by African-Americans (59.2 percent).
C. Of homicides in the years spanning 1976 and 2000 that involved an intimate victim/offender relationship, 44.4 percent of the offenders were African-American.
D. During those same years, in homicides where a gun was the weapon of choice, 54.6 percent of the offenders were African-American.
III. Statistics (white)
A. In workplace-related murders between 1976 and 2000, a high proportion of the offenders were white (70.2 percent), while 26.9 percent were African-American.
B. Of gang-related homicides committed between 1976 and 2000, 56.7 percent of the offenders were white.
C. Murders of family members were committed most often by whites (58.3 percent).
D. White offenders accounted for 54.5 percent of arson deaths and 74.3 percent of deaths by poisoning between 1976 and 2000.
E. Between 1976 and 2000, when a white homicide offender killed a stranger, the victim was also white between 40 to 50 percent of the time. When an African-American offender killed a stranger, the victim was also African-American at roughly the same percentage. When homicide offenders kill friends or acquaintances, the victim is even more likely to be of the same race.
IV. Number of inmates in federal prisons or local jails (by race [June 30, 2002])
A. 18-29
White Males = 217,900
Black Males = 357,100
Hispanic Males = 161,000
B 30- 54
White Males = 381,400
Black Males = 438,100
Hispanic Males = 170,900
C. 55 or older
White Male = 27,600
Black Male = 14,400
Hispanic Male = 7,000
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
NOTES :)
1. "African-American offenders are most likely to commit homicides over drug-related activity. Between 1976 and 2000, 66.3 percent of homicide offenders who had committed their crimes under drug-related circumstances were African-American. A high proportion of felony murders (deaths that occur during such violent crimes as burglary, sexual assault, or robbery) between those years were committed by African-Americans (59.2 percent). Of homicides in the years spanning 1976 and 2000 that involved an intimate victim/offender relationship, 44.4 percent of the offenders were African-American. During those same years, in homicides where a gun was the weapon of choice, 54.6 percent of the offenders were African-American. "
http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/836/Crime-MINORITIES-OFFENDERS.html
This information is useful because it shows percentages of African American homicides.
It also tells why they commit most homicides ( drug- related activity).
2. "Between 1976 and 2000, when a white homicide offender killed a stranger, the victim was also white between 40 to 50 percent of the time. When an African-American offender killed a stranger, the victim was also African-American at roughly the same percentage. When homicide offenders kill friends or acquaintances, the victim is even more likely to be of the same race. Figure 8.2"
http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/836/Crime-MINORITIES-OFFENDERS.html
This is very interesting. It does not totally relatee to my topic but i find it intersting thawhite kill whites most of the time and blacks kill mostly blacks.
This clearly shows the segregation between blacks and whites.
3. http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/836/Crime-MINORITIES-OFFENDERS.html
There is a gragh on this web site that shows how many of the inmates of federal and local jails and prisons are male/female and white/black/ hispanic and it also is graphed per age. The group with the highest numbers were blacks in every age interval. (cites where the info on grapgh is from also)
4. "A CDC study on domestic violence released earlier this month found there was a significantly higher number of intimate partner violence (IPV) cases among minorities."
Domestic violence seems to happen more amoug minoritites but other types of crimes such as embezzelment, fraud, identity theft, computer crime, corperate crime, and bribery are commited mostly by whites.
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/18/study_domestic_violence_higher.aspx
5. "Michael Johnson, associate professor emeritus of sociology, women's studies and African and African-American studies, said the study's facts could be misleading.
"In my research, I've found there's no difference in intimate terrorism between black and whites. There are more cases of situational couple violence for minorities, which could have just been one incident in one relationship," Johnson said.
Johnson said the study is not specific to intimate terrorism, which is a situation where one partner uses regular physical or emotional abuse to have complete control over the other. He also said he disagrees with the conclusions the CDC study draws about domestic violence among minority groups."
This is good to consider because it shows the controversy over the topic. Some beleive it to be true while others find the facts to be " absurd assumptions". This might be a good point to come across in the essay.
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/18/study_domestic_violence_higher.aspx
6. " "The evidence of racial differences in classical domestic violence is minimal. But the difference in situational couple violence could come from economic stresses and stresses from living in a racist society, which could lead to arguments and violence," he said."
I am confused by this argument. The professor says that there is on evidence that there are racial differences in domestic violence but domestic violence is caused from economic stress and racism. Minorities are the ones that face the racisms and are worse off financially im most cases, therefore wouldnt they then have more domestic violence if they are living in the causes of it??
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/18/study_domestic_violence_higher.aspx
7. "There is growing evidence that living in impoverished conditions increases a woman's risk to all types of violence. Murder rates worldwide, as an example, are found to be highest in areas where poverty is the most prevalent. This is not to say that there is always a direct relationship between poverty and violence - but poverty is an important factor that needs to be considered when trying to understand the rates and distribution of violence against women."
This would be good to include in the paper because it proves that violence happens mostly in poor areas. Most poor countries include India and Africa. If these people come to live in the U.S they are used to the violence in their country and might bring it to the U.S because they were raised around it and it is all they know.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
8. "This economic vulnerability limits their chances to change their situation when confronted with violence. Poverty-stricken women, and particularly those in rural areas, are often financially dependent, have limited access to employment and are unsupported mothers who must fulfil the role of caregiver. As a result they have few alternatives and options if they wish to leave a violent situation or community. On top of this, in most impoverished areas in South Africa, women have limited access to health, education, social, psychological and legal services."
I think it might be a good idea to touch upon the violence against women. Most violence in undeveloped countries are against women and it is becuase there is no equality there between males and females.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
9. "The result is that there is evidence to show that African women, who are undoubtedly the poorest sector of our society, are more than ten times likely to experience an incidence of violence compared to their white counterparts. Recent South African police statistics also show that levels of rape are often highest in provinces which are economically less developed."
This is a good quote for the paper. It proves that violence against women is more commen amoung black women than it is in white women.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
10. "The reasons for this relationship between violence against women and poverty are numerous. apartheid's economic exploitation and segregation systematically resulted in much higher levels of poverty for black South Africans and women in particular. A range of factors have contributed to high levels of violence against women in poor areas. These factors include transiency of the population, over-crowding, disrupted family life, a mentality of dependency and the socialised acceptance of violence as a way to solve problems."
This is awesome information. It explains why there is more violence against women in poorer areas.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
11. " black Americans are targeted much more frequently in racial profiling. Judges and parole officers are also influenced by the race of offenders. Many believe these patterns have declined through the late twentieth century as more minorities have become employed in the criminal justice system, from policing to sitting on the bench in judge positions."
This is a good point to touch that policing happens more upon blacks because of racial profiling.. maybe because police profile the blakcs adn assume they are doing something wrong?
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
12. "It is also true policing occurs at higher levels in minority communities"
May be good to use in the introduction of paper
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
13. "Studies showed police officers were more likely to shoot and use excessive force against black suspects, though this tendency had declined by the early twenty-first century."
This information goes along with the racial profiling that polcemen use.
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
14. "In 2002 black Americans accounted for 27 percent of all arrests, including both person and property crimes. "
This shows that blacks are not as large of a percentage of arrests with i found to be very interesting except for the fact that there are simply less blacks anyways.
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
15. "Various factors have been cited for the relatively large presence of blacks in America's criminal justice system. Part is certainly due to the racial discrimination that permeates all aspects of American society."
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
16. http://www.neighborhoodscout.com/neighborhoods/crime-rates/
This website has many grapghs and data about the crime rates of every town in America. This will be very useful when looking at wherre violence happans the most. i could find the satate of the town with the higest crime rates adn then search what ehtnicities make up the majoritiy of the opoulation in that city or state.
17. http://www.bestplaces.net/crime/?city1=52507000&city2=53611825
This website has an awesome device where you can put in an city and state you would like and it shows that citys crime rate compareed to the entire U.S. This will be extremely useful to find what cities have the highest crime rate.
http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/836/Crime-MINORITIES-OFFENDERS.html
This information is useful because it shows percentages of African American homicides.
It also tells why they commit most homicides ( drug- related activity).
2. "Between 1976 and 2000, when a white homicide offender killed a stranger, the victim was also white between 40 to 50 percent of the time. When an African-American offender killed a stranger, the victim was also African-American at roughly the same percentage. When homicide offenders kill friends or acquaintances, the victim is even more likely to be of the same race. Figure 8.2"
http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/836/Crime-MINORITIES-OFFENDERS.html
This is very interesting. It does not totally relatee to my topic but i find it intersting thawhite kill whites most of the time and blacks kill mostly blacks.
This clearly shows the segregation between blacks and whites.
3. http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/836/Crime-MINORITIES-OFFENDERS.html
There is a gragh on this web site that shows how many of the inmates of federal and local jails and prisons are male/female and white/black/ hispanic and it also is graphed per age. The group with the highest numbers were blacks in every age interval. (cites where the info on grapgh is from also)
4. "A CDC study on domestic violence released earlier this month found there was a significantly higher number of intimate partner violence (IPV) cases among minorities."
Domestic violence seems to happen more amoug minoritites but other types of crimes such as embezzelment, fraud, identity theft, computer crime, corperate crime, and bribery are commited mostly by whites.
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/18/study_domestic_violence_higher.aspx
5. "Michael Johnson, associate professor emeritus of sociology, women's studies and African and African-American studies, said the study's facts could be misleading.
"In my research, I've found there's no difference in intimate terrorism between black and whites. There are more cases of situational couple violence for minorities, which could have just been one incident in one relationship," Johnson said.
Johnson said the study is not specific to intimate terrorism, which is a situation where one partner uses regular physical or emotional abuse to have complete control over the other. He also said he disagrees with the conclusions the CDC study draws about domestic violence among minority groups."
This is good to consider because it shows the controversy over the topic. Some beleive it to be true while others find the facts to be " absurd assumptions". This might be a good point to come across in the essay.
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/18/study_domestic_violence_higher.aspx
6. " "The evidence of racial differences in classical domestic violence is minimal. But the difference in situational couple violence could come from economic stresses and stresses from living in a racist society, which could lead to arguments and violence," he said."
I am confused by this argument. The professor says that there is on evidence that there are racial differences in domestic violence but domestic violence is caused from economic stress and racism. Minorities are the ones that face the racisms and are worse off financially im most cases, therefore wouldnt they then have more domestic violence if they are living in the causes of it??
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2008/02/18/study_domestic_violence_higher.aspx
7. "There is growing evidence that living in impoverished conditions increases a woman's risk to all types of violence. Murder rates worldwide, as an example, are found to be highest in areas where poverty is the most prevalent. This is not to say that there is always a direct relationship between poverty and violence - but poverty is an important factor that needs to be considered when trying to understand the rates and distribution of violence against women."
This would be good to include in the paper because it proves that violence happens mostly in poor areas. Most poor countries include India and Africa. If these people come to live in the U.S they are used to the violence in their country and might bring it to the U.S because they were raised around it and it is all they know.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
8. "This economic vulnerability limits their chances to change their situation when confronted with violence. Poverty-stricken women, and particularly those in rural areas, are often financially dependent, have limited access to employment and are unsupported mothers who must fulfil the role of caregiver. As a result they have few alternatives and options if they wish to leave a violent situation or community. On top of this, in most impoverished areas in South Africa, women have limited access to health, education, social, psychological and legal services."
I think it might be a good idea to touch upon the violence against women. Most violence in undeveloped countries are against women and it is becuase there is no equality there between males and females.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
9. "The result is that there is evidence to show that African women, who are undoubtedly the poorest sector of our society, are more than ten times likely to experience an incidence of violence compared to their white counterparts. Recent South African police statistics also show that levels of rape are often highest in provinces which are economically less developed."
This is a good quote for the paper. It proves that violence against women is more commen amoung black women than it is in white women.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
10. "The reasons for this relationship between violence against women and poverty are numerous. apartheid's economic exploitation and segregation systematically resulted in much higher levels of poverty for black South Africans and women in particular. A range of factors have contributed to high levels of violence against women in poor areas. These factors include transiency of the population, over-crowding, disrupted family life, a mentality of dependency and the socialised acceptance of violence as a way to solve problems."
This is awesome information. It explains why there is more violence against women in poorer areas.
http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/articles/artgend.htm
11. " black Americans are targeted much more frequently in racial profiling. Judges and parole officers are also influenced by the race of offenders. Many believe these patterns have declined through the late twentieth century as more minorities have become employed in the criminal justice system, from policing to sitting on the bench in judge positions."
This is a good point to touch that policing happens more upon blacks because of racial profiling.. maybe because police profile the blakcs adn assume they are doing something wrong?
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
12. "It is also true policing occurs at higher levels in minority communities"
May be good to use in the introduction of paper
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
13. "Studies showed police officers were more likely to shoot and use excessive force against black suspects, though this tendency had declined by the early twenty-first century."
This information goes along with the racial profiling that polcemen use.
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
14. "In 2002 black Americans accounted for 27 percent of all arrests, including both person and property crimes. "
This shows that blacks are not as large of a percentage of arrests with i found to be very interesting except for the fact that there are simply less blacks anyways.
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
15. "Various factors have been cited for the relatively large presence of blacks in America's criminal justice system. Part is certainly due to the racial discrimination that permeates all aspects of American society."
http://law.jrank.org/pages/12137/Race-Ethnicity-Reasons-high-minority-crime-rates.html
16. http://www.neighborhoodscout.com/neighborhoods/crime-rates/
This website has many grapghs and data about the crime rates of every town in America. This will be very useful when looking at wherre violence happans the most. i could find the satate of the town with the higest crime rates adn then search what ehtnicities make up the majoritiy of the opoulation in that city or state.
17. http://www.bestplaces.net/crime/?city1=52507000&city2=53611825
This website has an awesome device where you can put in an city and state you would like and it shows that citys crime rate compareed to the entire U.S. This will be extremely useful to find what cities have the highest crime rate.
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